США 1 долар 2012 P UNC Сакагавея Корінні американці Торгові шляхи 17 століття Індіанець з конем (KM#528)
American Indians maintained widespread transcontinental intertribal trade for over a millennium. The Native American trading infrastructure became the conduit through which exploration, settlement, and economic development eventually flourished during the colonial period and later in the young republic. When the first European traders set out from eastern urban centers into the interior, they followed trade routes still in use, often in the company of Native American guides and traders who had used them for generations. They also encountered a Native American ecosystem and culture that had already been transformed by the European goods that moved along these trade routes long before the Europeans themselves arrived in the interior.
These routes showed the way for European explorers and traders and marked corridors for future travel from east to west. The Lewis and Clark expedition of 1803 followed part of this route. This intercontinental trade infrastructure culminated in the construction of the modern interstate highway system. Trade routes centered on the Zuni Pueblo in the Four Corners region of the southwest and the Mojave route to the California coast were included in the Old Spanish Trail (now a National Park Service historic trail). The Old Snake Trade Route connected the pueblos of New Mexico in the north with Mandan villages in present-day Dakota, branching west in present-day Wyoming and reaching the Columbia River at The Dalles in Oregon.
Of all the goods traded across the continent, the horse, distributed by Indian tribes along the Native American trade routes, is perhaps the most significant. Through intertribal trade, horses crossed the Rio Grande by 1600. This trade gained momentum in 1680, when the Pueblo Rebellion transferred thousands of horses from missionary herds into the hands of Native Americans.
The horse became perhaps the most sought after commodity in intertribal trade. The spread of horses in the hands of Native Americans was so great that they became the primary means of transportation and the core of the pastoral economy that already existed in the western territories. In the south, the Caddo trading center became a major importation point for horses. Trade along the Old Snake Road brought horses as far north as Mandan, North Dakota, which supplied them to the Lakota and Blackfeet. A parallel intermountain route brought the horses to the northwest. By the time Lewis and Clark wintered among the Mandans in 1803, they encountered an established horse culture. These long-standing Native American trade routes also provided the route for this primary means of transportation—a significant contribution to opening up the continent's interior to the developing nation.
The obverse of the coin retains the central figure of the Sacagawea design first issued in 2000. It shows Sacagawea carrying her young son, Jean Baptiste.
The reverse features a Native American and a horse in profile, with horses running in the background, symbolizing the historical spread of the horse.